![]() ![]() Recurrent implantation failure is frequently cited as three or more failed treatment cycles as well as failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after transfer of 4 or more good quality embryos over three separate transfer cycles. Recurrent pregnancy loss has historically been described as 3 or more miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, and a more recent definition includes having two or more failed pregnancies which do not have to be consecutive. Clinically treating this altered maternal immunologic function is the target for various therapies (lymphocyte immunotherapy, prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists, and intralipid therapy). There is evidence that altered maternal immunologic function is a factor which can lead to recurrent implantation loss and miscarriage, although this is not easily diagnosed and clinically identified. Therefore, it is advisable to do everything possible to improve chances of success with each cycle, to minimize these negative effects and improve chances at success. With most success rates only at 50%, this can create a large economic and psychologic burden on the couple going through the process. Most insurance plans do not cover IVF, leaving the burden of payment on the couple who are trying to conceive. However, it is also expensive, with cycles costing anywhere from $5,000 to $30,000 per cycle, depending on the techniques used and geographic location. It is a scientific, data driven field, and has treatment applications for nearly every issue which may affect male or female fertility. In vitro fertilization is an increasingly common medical procedure, responsible for the birth of more than 6 million babies each year.
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